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Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.
The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990, its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees were non-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic
appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western
companies will have more _73_ (and customers)
in poor countries than in rich _74_ .
The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In
the United States and Britain, the _78_ of
workers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900
from around 40% to barely half that. _80_ in
Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_
after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased
_83_ manufacturing moves from rich countries to
the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them
a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.
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67. A. product B. production
C. products D. productivity
68. A. other B. small
C. capitalistic D. developing
69. A. accounted B. occupied
C. played D. shared
70. A. output B. development
C. share D. economy
71. A. state B. consumer
C. representative D. supplier
72. A. by B. at
C. through D. in
73. A. products B. market
C. employees D. changes
74. A. one B. ones
C. times D. time
75. A. what B. like
C. that D. how
76. A. ranging B. varying
C. swinging D. getting
77. A. producing B. products
C. servicing D. services
78. A. proportion B. number
C. quantity D. group
79. A. changed B. gone
C. applied D. shrunk
80. A. Furthermore B. Even
C. Therefore D. Hence
81. A. armies B. weapons
C. factories D. countries
82. A. question B. manufacturing
C. shift D. rebuilding
83. A. with B. as
C. given D. if
84. A. while B. whose
C. who's D. which
85. A. give B. is giving
C. gives D. gave
86. A. repetitive B. various
C. creative D. enormous
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